

Geological Sciences
The study of our planet and its neighbors, from their deep interiors to the surface, and through their multi-billion year history.
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Stanford Earth Matters
How better mineral exploration makes better batteries
Finding and extracting deposits of cobalt, lithium, nickel and other materials used in batteries is expensive and environmentally fraught. Geoscientists are now using artificial intelligence to quickly identify new resources, get the most out of those we already know about and improve refining processes.